Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntsiab lus carbon sib txawv ntawm cov hlau
Feb 25, 2026
Carbon yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws alloying ntsiab nyob rau hauv steel, thiab nws cov ntsiab lus ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau lub microstructure, txhua yam khoom, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm steel. Hauv qab no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws tsom xam ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov hlau:
1. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm microstructure ntawm hlau
Lub microstructure ntawm hlau feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm ferrite ({0}}Fe), cementite (Fe₃C), pearlite (ib txheej sib xyaw ntawm ferrite thiab cementite), austenite ( -Fe, siab -kub theem), thiab martensite (theem nyuaj tom qab quenching). Kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntsiab lus carbon yuav hloov qhov feem ntawm cov qauv no:
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Tsawg- carbon steel (C < 0.25%): |
Feem ntau ferrite, nrog me me ntawm pearlite, zoo plasticity tab sis tsis muaj zog. |
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Nruab nrab- carbon steel (0.25% Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug C Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.6%): |
Qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm pearlite nce, thiab tus nqi ntawm ferrite txo, sib txuas lub zog thiab toughness. |
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Siab - carbon steel (C > 0.6%): |
Dominated los ntawm pearlite, thiab thaum cov ntsiab lus carbon siab dua, reticular cementite tshwm, nrog siab hardness tab sis loj brittleness. |
2. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab
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Cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau |
Kev ua tau zoo |
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< 0.1% |
Cov mos mos heev, cov yas zoo heev (xws li cov hlau ntshiab), yooj yim rau kev ua tiav thiab zoo li tus, tab sis tsis muaj zog (σₓ ≈ 200 MPa). |
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0.1%~0.25% |
Tsawg- carbon steel (xws li Q235), zoo plasticity thiab weldability, siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, automotive daim hlau, thiab lwm yam. |
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0.3%~0.5% |
Nruab nrab- carbon steel (xws li 45 steel), ntsuas lub zog thiab toughness, siv rau cov khoom siv xws li shafts, gears, thiab lwm yam. |
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0.6%~1.0% |
Siab - carbon steel (xws li T8, T10), siab hardness (HRC 60+), tab sis nrog siab brittleness, siv rau cov cuab yeej, springs, thiab lwm yam. |
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>1.0% |
Ultra-siab- carbon steel, tsis tshua muaj siab hardness tab sis nkig heev, yuav tsum tau kho cua sov tshwj xeeb (xws li spheroidizing annealing) los txhim kho machinability. |
Lub zog thiab hardness: Raws li cov ntsiab lus carbon nce, qhov feem ntawm cementite nce, thiab hardness thiab tensile zog (σₓ) ntawm cov hlau ho nce, tab sis cov yas (elongation δ) thiab toughness (tshuaj zog AKV) txo.
Kev hloov pauv hloov pauv: Siab- carbon steel yog qhov ua rau tawg tawg nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias los yog cuam tshuam.
3. Synergistic nyhuv ntawm carbon nrog rau lwm yam
Manganese (Mn): tuaj yeem txo qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov sulfur thiab txhim kho hardenability.
Silicon (Si): Txhim kho ferrite, tab sis txo ductility.
Alloy steel: Los ntawm kev ntxiv cov ntsiab lus xws li Cr, Ni, Mo, thiab lwm yam, lub zog siab thiab tawv tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm cov ntsiab lus qis dua.